Judgement method of thermocouple input failure:

After the thermocouple is correctly wired according to the meter wiring diagram, the meter first displays the thermocouple index number of the meter. Then display the range of the meter, and then measure the lower row of the meter to display the set temperature, and the upper row of the meter to display the measured temperature. The above process shows the correct use of thermocouples. If the display on the top of the meter is not the temperature of the heating element, it will display “OVER”, “0000” or “000”. Explain that the input part of the instrument has a failure, and the following tests should be done:
1) Remove the thermocouple from the input terminal of the instrument thermocouple, and then use any wire to short-circuit the input terminal of the instrument thermocouple. When the power is on, when the display value of the digital tube on the meter is about room temperature, it means that the internal wiring of the thermocouple is open, and the thermocouple of the same type should be replaced. If it is still in the above-mentioned condition, it means that the input terminal of the instrument was damaged during transportation, and the instrument should be replaced.

2) Remove the thermocouple of the above-mentioned malfunctioning instrument, and replace it with the thermocouple connected to the instrument with the same kind of indexing number that is running normally next to it. After power on, when the digital tube on the original faulty meter displays the temperature of the heating element, it means that the thermocouple connection is open. Replace the same type of thermocouple.

3) Remove the faulty thermocouple from the meter, place the multimeter in the measurement ohm (R) *1 file, and use the two meter rods of the multimeter to measure the two ends of the thermocouple. If the resistance value displayed on the multimeter is very large, it means that the internal connection of the thermocouple is open. Replace the thermocouple of the same type. Otherwise, there is a certain resistance value, indicating that there is a problem with the input end of the meter, and the meter should be replaced.

4) The wiring is correct according to the wiring diagram of the meter. If the meter is powered on, the digital display on the meter will display a negative value, etc. Explain that the thermocouple "+" and "—" connected to the instrument are connected incorrectly. Just change it again.

5) When the meter is running after the wiring is correct, the temperature displayed by the digital display on the meter differs from the actual measured temperature by 40°C to 70°C. The difference is even greater, indicating that the graduation number of the meter and the graduation number of the thermocouple are wrong. According to the thermocouple index number B, S, K, E and other thermocouple temperature and millivolt (MV) value of the corresponding relationship. At the same temperature, the generated millivolt value (MV) B index number is the smallest, S index number is the smallest, K index number is larger, and E index number is the largest. According to this principle to judge.

Analysis and treatment of common failures:

Failure phenomenon	Possible Causes	Solution
The thermoelectric potential is smaller than the actual value (the indicated value of the display instrument is lower)	Hot electrode short circuit	If it is wet, dry it; If the insulator is damaged, replace the insulator
	Dust builds up at the thermocouple terminal, causing a short circuit	Clean up dust
	Short circuit between compensation wires	Find the short-circuit point, strengthen the insulation or replace the compensating wire
	Deterioration of thermocouple thermoelectrode	When the length allows, cut off the deteriorated section and re-weld, or replace with a new thermocouple
	Reverse polarity of compensation wire and thermocouple	Reconnect correctly
	Compensation wire does not match the thermocouple	Replace the matching compensation wire
	The thermocouple installation position is not recorded or the insertion depth does not meet the requirements	Reinstall as required
	Thermocouple cold junction temperature compensation does not meet the requirements	Adjust the cold junction compensator
	The thermocouple is not matched with the display instrument	Replace thermocouple or display instrument to match
The thermoelectric potential is larger than the actual value (the indication value of the display instrument is higher)	The display instrument is not matched with the thermocouple	Replace the thermocouple to match it
	Thermocouple and compensation wire do not match	Replace the compensation wire to match it
	DC interference signal enters	Eliminate DC interference
Unstable thermoelectric power output	Poor contact between thermocouple terminal and hot electrode	Tighten the terminal screws
	The insulation of the thermocouple measuring circuit is damaged, causing intermittent short circuit or grounding	Find the fault point and repair the insulation
	Insufficient installation of thermocouple or external vibration	Tighten the thermocouple to eliminate vibration or take shock absorption measures
	The hot electrode will break unbroken	Repair or replace thermocouple
	External interference (AC leakage, electromagnetic field induction, etc.)	Detect the source of interference and adopt shielding measures
Large thermocouple thermoelectric potential error	Deterioration of thermoelectrode	Replace the hot electrode
	Improper installation position of thermocouple	Change the installation location
	Protection tube surface dust	Remove dust accumulation